Background: The interest in three-dimensional imaging in orthognathic treatment planning has been growing, especially for evaluation of the natural head position. Several three-dimensional devices are available on the market. Three-dimensional evaluation of the patient will probably soon be a standard tool/method in orthognathic treatment planning. Purpose: The purpose of the study was a clarifi cation of the literature for studies regarding the natural head position in three-dimensional imaging.

Orbital fractures are relatively common midfacial injuries encountered in urban areas. Patients usually are seen with periorbitaloedema and restricted eye movements with or without changes in vision. A wide range of autogenous materials can be used in the reconstruction of orbital defects including bone grafts, cartilages and fascia each having its own strengths and weaknesses. The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic literature review on various autogenous materials used for orbital floor reconstruction.

Background: New tools for bone-cutting were introduced to oral and maxillofacial surgery in the last decade, such as lasers and piezotomes. Purpose: to evaluate most recent evidence, when surgical procedures performed with drills or burs are compared with laser- and/or piezotome-surgical procedures in experimental and clinical studies and to assess possible advantages of their use in daily practice. Methods: a systematic search of various medical databases with specific keywords was performed, excluding studies published before 2006 for their possible invalidity by technological progress. Systematic reviews were assigned to Group 1, experimental studies ex vivo to Group 2, in vivo to Group3 and clinical studies to Group 4. All studies in each of the groups 2 – 4 were appraised regarding their evidence, starting with a value of 0 for no evidence of advantages of lasers and/or piezotomes compared to rotary instruments, 1 for moderate evidence with verifi ed clinical impact and 2 for strong evidence and signifi cant clinical impact and statistically processed for their Evidence Value (EV) in each group and their Overall mean Evidence Value (OmEV).

Uvula is a key organ in functions like speech, deglutition and mastication. The majority of the world population has a uvula that is conical in shape, hanging upside down. However, there are times when the uvula is split, the condition is called a bifi d or bifurcated uvula. Sometimes it is also called a cleft uvula. Three male blood relatives, father and his two sons reported to outpatient department of Oral Medicine and Radiology at Sharad Pawar Dental College, Wardha for odontogenic complaint. But, their intraoral examination revealed interesting fi nding, that was presence of bifi d uvula and cleft palate in three of them, who were of course fi rst relatives of each other. The presentation of the condition in three members of the same family is a unique feature of this article.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to estimate prevalence of temporomandibular Joint disorders (TMDs), among dental university student in Yemen. Material and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Yemen. Study sample consisted of 207 university students (114 males and 93 females). Predictor’s variables were age, gender and marital status. The outcomes variables were the signs and symptoms of TMDs using the Helkimo clinical dysfunction (Di) and anamnestic (Ai) indices.

Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical performance of the conventional flowable composite resin restoration, using one- step adhesive system versus the novel self-adhesive flowable composite restoration. Method: Twenty patients received forty class I restorations in primary carious molars using split mouth design. Clinical performance was evaluated using US Public Health Service modified Ryge criteria. Restorations of both materials were evaluated for: anatomic form, marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, surface texture and recurrent caries after 1 week, 3, 6, 9 months and after 12 months.

Background: Modifi cation of the surgical laser technique could make it useful in dental implantology. The incisional mode of the diode laser can be used safely to uncover implants as long as care is taken to prevent heat conduction from surrounding tissues back into the implant.